In December I came across a thread in the HSI Forum about an unusual and powerful antioxidant called glutathione. I've told you about glutathione in previous e-Alerts, but so far only as a side issue that comes up while addressing other health problems.
Today, however, this important amino acid molecule gets center stage with information on why you must have it, who is likely to be deficient in it, and how to solve the riddle of supplementing with it.
Glutathione (also called GSH) is different from other antioxidants in several ways. To begin with, as HSI member Gerardo pointed out in the Forum thread, "Glutathione is simply L-gamma-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine. In other words, it is a molecule composed of three amino acids: glutamine, cysteine, and glycine."
One of the most interesting things about glutathione is that it is found in every cell of the body (most notably in immune system cells), which is one of the reasons why its antioxidant action is so effective in protecting against disease and repairing damage throughout the body. In addition, glutathione is believed to protect other antioxidants (among them, vitamins C and E) from oxidizing, prolonging and enhancing their effectiveness. It also acts directly against certain carcinogenic substances by binding to these toxins and eliminating them through urine or bile.
Obviously, this is one hard working antioxidant. But all of this effectiveness comes at a price. Because when the immune system is taxed (by everything from pollution, to poor diet, infection, drugs, radiation, emotional stress, and all types of trauma), stores of glutathione become depleted. Also, as we grow older, glutathione levels drop and need to be replaced.
But this is easier said than done.
In an e-Alert I sent you last fall ("A Measure of Comfort" 10/29/02), I told you about a study in which cancer patients received glutathione intravenously along with chemotherapy, significantly reducing the nerve damage caused by chemo. And although this is an effective means to receive glutathione, intravenous delivery is far from practical for the average person's needs.
On the HSI Forum, member Naturalee gives a good account of how NOT to try to replace glutathione: "Taking glutathione orally is generally ineffective because evidently the molecules are too big to pass through the intestinal walls to the blood stream. I have read that taking the amino acid NAC (N-acetylcysteine) can act as precursor for the formation of more glutathione."
Exactly right. In another e-Alert last fall ("Storm of the Eye" 10/9/02), I examined NAC, and noted its remarkable ability to enhance the production of glutathione. NAC is widely available in health food stores, and while I've seen studies where as much as 300 mg per day was used, only half that amount is typically recommended. These studies also report side effects of dizziness, headaches and intestinal symptoms among about 20% of participants who took 600 mg per day - so if you do try an NAC supplement, don't over do it. And, as always, it's a good idea to consult your doctor before starting a new regimen of supplements.
The food sources that deliver glutathione precursors are meats and fresh fruits and vegetables. But even with a diet high in the proteins that supply glutathione amino acids, one of those amino acids - cysteine - is more difficult than the others to come by. A natural food component with high concentrations of glutathione precursors (including cysteine) is milk-serum-protein concentrate - more simply known as whey.
For those who avoid dairy in their diets, whey will not be an answer. For others, however, the proteins found in milk whey (serum albumin, alpha lactalbumin, and lactoferrin) all contribute to the effectiveness of the glutathione precursors.
In a Members Alert we sent you several years ago ("How Whey Can Keep Your Immune System From Failing" 10/1/97), we told you about a Canadian product called Immunocal which is more concentrated in cysteine than other whey products. And Immunocal (easily found through various Internet sources) contains no milk sugars, so is far less likely to trigger a lactose-intolerance reaction. Unfortunately, Immunocal is a little on the expensive side, so daily use as a preventive may not be practical for everyone. But even if you don't take it daily, it can still be effective as a standby for those times when your immune system needs replenishment.
To date, research on glutathione has been limited to mostly animal and laboratory studies. But as further human trials demonstrate this remarkable antioxidant's ability to fight disease and protect the vital systems of our bodies, I'm certain we'll be hearing a great deal more about glutathione in months to come.
To Your Good Health,
Jenny Thompson
Health Sciences Institute
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